Cave Harkadio is located between Megalo Chorio and Livadia, 3,5km from the port. In 1971 the excavations of paleontologists Nikolaos Simeonidis and Georgios Theodorou brought into light neolithic tools dated from 8000 – 7000BC and bones of dwarf elephants. From these important findings it is proved that Tilos was united with the coast right across Minor Asia and was disconnected 6 million years ago. So when it was disconnected the elephants had to adjust to the new environment in order to survive. From time to time they turned into dwarfs of 1,20m to 1,60m height. Excavations in Harkadio brought into light 12.000 bones that are estimated to belong to more than 38 dwarf elephants. Those are the last elephants lived in Europe.
These findings are in the Paleontological Museum of the University in Athens.