OLD FORTRESS
The Old Fortress of Corfu is one of the most famous sights of the island. The history of the fortress is intertwined, to a certain extent, with the historical path of the island. Characteristically, it was from the twin peaks of the fortress that the city initially took the name Corfu, and later the entire island. Its first fortifications date back to the 8th century, while it acquired its current form during the era of Venetian rule. Its powerful fortifications withstood the siege of the Turks and kept them away from the island. In fact, after the siege of 1537, the Venetians spent 42 whole years (1546 - 1588) reinforcing the fortifications of the fortress, making it impregnable and giving it its impressive modern-day appearance.
The walling of the Fortress has three different levels: the highest, which includes the two rocks; the middle, facing the Spianada square and the foothills of the Sea Tower; and the lowest, which surrounds Cape Kaposidero. The fortress communicates with the city via an iron bridge 60 meters long. This replaced the old drawbridge that connected the fortress with the city and was located over the sea moat (contra fossa). Directly opposite is the majestic entrance, which impresses the visitor as the old wooden door is preserved in quite good condition, along with the slits through which the chains passed to suspend the drawbridge.
Inside the Old Fortress is also the church of Saint George. This is an English building of peculiar architecture, which stands out for its Doric columns. It is worth mentioning that the procession of the Epitaphs on Good Friday starts from here. The Epitaph of Saint George is the first to come out into the city. In addition to historical and archaeological interest, the fortress is also ideal for walks. The view it offers is enchanting. You will see a panoramic view of the entire old town and take some of the most beautiful photos of your holidays.
NEW FORTRESS
The New Fortress, or the Fortress of Saint Mark, as is its official name, is the second important stronghold of the city. It was built by the Venetians during the period from 1572 to 1645, shortly after the second siege by the Turks. The fortification works were completed by the French and later by the English. It is located on the hill of Saint Mark and protected the city from the western side, while it also overlooks the old harbor. It consists of two twin bastions and is considered an architectural marvel. Particularly impressive architectural elements are its two gates, which survive almost intact and still bear the emblem of the Most Serene Republic to this day, namely the winged lion of Saint Mark.
The New Fortress, besides the defensive role it played during the period of Venetian rule and in the subsequent turbulent years, successfully protecting the inhabitants on many occasions, also played a significant role in the modern history of the island. During World War II, it served as a safe hiding place for the residents, as its galleries were used as bomb shelters. Today, it is considered one of the architectural masterpieces of Corfu.